NPS Australia Submission System
Green Hydrogen & Low Carbon Concrete for Circular Economy at South Sulawesi, Indonesia

By implementing these recommendations, South Sulawesi can position itself as a leader in sustainable industrial development, contributing to global efforts to combat climate change and promote circular economy principles.

Sustainable Energy for Port Construction with Low Carbon Concrete from Industrial Symbiosis at WESTPORT Kwinana & BANTAENG Sulawesi

This paper signifies the importance of replacing current Ordinary
Portland Cement (OPC) manufacturing processing with low carbon emission geopolymer based cements in construction industry and addressing the challenges for the supply chain in Australia.

Sustainable Energy for Port Construction with Low Carbon Concrete from Industrial Symbiosis at WESTPORT Kwinana & BANTAENG Sulawesi

At Bantaeng in South Sulawesi and Kwinana in
Western Australia new industrial scale ports will be built to serve
the industrial precincts at these locations. At both these sites a 1-
2Mtpa GPC plant is proposed for precast production of some 1,600
port modules as well as other infrastructure requiring some 750,000
cum of concrete and thereafter the plant can be repurposed for other
products for local markets such as reef modules and wall panels.
Geopolymer concrete can be the replacement for conventional
concrete and be made from waste-derived materials while having a
lower carbon footprint. The plant is designed to be operated by
renewable energy and an energy audit estimated that a 1Mtpa
geopolymer production plant needs up to 200 GWh pa to operate.
This could be served by 6-10 on-land wind turbines combined with
solar PV farm at a total cost $45-55 million USD. The electricity
generated @ say $100/MWh was worth $12-20M pa that could
result in a payback of 2-5 years. In Kwinana, planning is already
underway for a large wind farm as part of the overall
decarbonisation strategy for this industrial precinct. Feedstock
materials can be harnessed for use in the geopolymer production
plant by means of Circularity Hubs. These hubs can be established
through the KIC4 and 6-Capitals models of Industrial Symbiosis and
to optimise the proposed geopolymer plant within the industrial
precincts at Bantaeng and Kwinana. Such an approach can
contribute to Regenerative Development when both of the ports are
built.

Potential of seaweed in Indonesia as an alternative iodine source

Diversification of seaweed products can also open up new economic opportunities, create jobs, and reduce dependence on imported products. As an archipelagic country rich in water resources, Indonesia has unique characteristics in the water-energy-food relationship. Additional investigation is required to explore the most effective types of seaweed and optimal processing methods to maintain iodine content and other bioactive components.

Purification of Exhaust Gas from the Marine Fuels Applied to Next-generation Ships
A forecast for sustainable critical mineral supply chain for electric vehicles manufacturing in Indonesia and Australia

This study provides insight for academics, policymakers, and industry experts on the possibility of fulfilling the required critical mineral demand for EV manufacturing in Indonesia and Australia by presenting a forecast using dynamic stock analysis for different circular economy scenarios.

Monitoring of Feedstock Materials & Smart Manufacturing Systems for Low Carbon Concrete

The enormous number of renewable energy plants to be built across Australia and Indonesia over the next 10 years will require massive volumes of readymix concrete for wind turbines and precast solar ballast blocks. While this study found there are wide job opportunities it also calls for automated manufacturing processes for the high volume and smart sensors for quality control.

Potential of seaweed in Indonesia as an alternative iodine source

The research indicates that iodine-rich seaweed consumption can tackle diseases induced by various free radicals and inflammatory agents.

A Channel Selection Strategy for Energy Harvesting in Cognitive Radio IoT Networks

Energy limitation and spectrum scarcity are becoming two critical issues in the design of Internet of Things networks. Two promising technologies, cognitive radio (CR) and radio frequency (RF) energy harvesting, can be jointly used to improve spectrum and energy efficiency. Thus, energy harvesting, and cognitive radio systems are becoming more inseparable for future IoT networks. This paper analyses the effect of selecting primary user (PU) channel by the secondary users on the performance of IoT networks metrics. Furthermore, we formulate an efficient channel selection strategy that is structured on multiarmed bandit (MAB) problem. The proposed channel selection scheme is based on a distributed channel selection strategy that combines reliable reputation model and multiarmed problem policies. With the proposed channel selection scheme, the SUs finds the best available PUs channels to maximize harvested RF energy. Simulation results validate the superiority of our proposed channel selection algorithm in terms of throughput and energy harvesting rate compared to Goodput based algorithms and ultra-reliability and low latency (URLL) based algorithms. that ensures that the SU’s.

Green Hydrogen & Low Carbon Concrete for Circular Economy at South Sulawesi, Indonesia

At Bantaeng in South Sulawesi a new industrial scale port will be built to serve the KIBA industrial precinct where smelters produce nickel for global electric vehicle battery markets. A 1-2Mtpa low-carbon geopolymer concrete plant is proposed for precast production of some 1,600 port modules as well as other infrastructure requiring some 750,000 cum of concrete and thereafter the plant can be repurposed for other products for local markets such as reef modules and wall panels. Geopolymer concrete can be the replacement for conventional concrete and be made from waste-derived materials thereby having a significantly lower carbon footprint. The plant is designed to be operated by renewable energy and an energy audit estimated that a 1Mtpa geopolymer production plant needs 100-200 GWh pa to operate. This could be served by a renewable energy power station with a mix of wind turbines and solar PV farm producing green hydrogen for energy storage and electric fuel cells. In the option of PV50%+wind50%+hydrogen-storage the total cost was estimated to be $20-30M USD. If electricity is assumed $100/MWh then this is worth $10-20M USD pa and the payback is 15 years approx.