By implementing these recommendations, South Sulawesi can position itself as a leader in sustainable industrial development, contributing to global efforts to combat climate change and promote circular economy principles.
Size variations of silica nanoparticle control uptake efficiency and delivery of AC2-derived dsRNA for Sustainable Plant Disease Management
We report the size dependent uptake of dsRNA loaded MSNPs into the leaves and roots of Nicotiana benthamiana plants and accessed for their relative reduction in Tomato leaf curl New Delhi viral load. A non-GMO method of RNA interference (RNAi) has been recently in practice through direct delivery of double stranded RNA into the plant cells. Tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus (ToLCNDV), a bipartitie begomovirus, is a significant viral pathogen of many crops in the Indian subcontinent. Conventional RNAi cargo delivery strategies for instance uses viral vectors and Agrobacterium-facilitated delivery, exhibiting specific host responses from the plant system. In the present study, we synthesized three different sizes of amine-functionalized mesoporous silica nanoparticles (amino-MSNPs) to mediate the delivery of dsRNA derived from the AC2 (dsAC2) gene of ToLCNDV and showed that these dsRNA loaded nanoparticles enabled effective reduction in viral load. Furthermore, we demonstrate that amino-MSNPs protected the dsRNA molecules from nuclease degradation, while the complex was efficiently taken up by the leaves and roots of Nicotiana benthamiana. The real time gene expression evaluation showed that plants treated with nanoparticles of different sizes ~ 10 nm (MSNPDEA), ~ 32 nm (MSNPTEA) and ~ 66 nm (MSNPNH3) showed five-, eleven- and threefold reduction of ToLCNDV in N. benthamiana, respectively compared to the plants treated with naked dsRNA. This work clearly demonstrates the size dependent internalization of amino-MSNPs and relative efficacy in transporting dsRNA into the plant system, which will be useful in convenient topical treatment to protect plants against their pathogens including viruses. Mesoporous silica nanoparticles loaded with FITC, checked for its uptake into Nicotiana benthamiana.
Potential of seaweed in Indonesia as an alternative iodine source
Diversification of seaweed products can also open up new economic opportunities, create jobs, and reduce dependence on imported products. As an archipelagic country rich in water resources, Indonesia has unique characteristics in the water-energy-food relationship. Additional investigation is required to explore the most effective types of seaweed and optimal processing methods to maintain iodine content and other bioactive components.
A forecast for sustainable critical mineral supply chain for electric vehicles manufacturing in Indonesia and Australia
This study provides insight for academics, policymakers, and industry experts on the possibility of fulfilling the required critical mineral demand for EV manufacturing in Indonesia and Australia by presenting a forecast using dynamic stock analysis for different circular economy scenarios.
Monitoring of Feedstock Materials & Smart Manufacturing Systems for Low Carbon Concrete
The enormous number of renewable energy plants to be built across Australia and Indonesia over the next 10 years will require massive volumes of readymix concrete for wind turbines and precast solar ballast blocks. While this study found there are wide job opportunities it also calls for automated manufacturing processes for the high volume and smart sensors for quality control.
Potential of seaweed in Indonesia as an alternative iodine source
The research indicates that iodine-rich seaweed consumption can tackle diseases induced by various free radicals and inflammatory agents.
Green Hydrogen & Low Carbon Concrete for Circular Economy at South Sulawesi, Indonesia
At Bantaeng in South Sulawesi a new industrial scale port will be built to serve the KIBA industrial precinct where smelters produce nickel for global electric vehicle battery markets. A 1-2Mtpa low-carbon geopolymer concrete plant is proposed for precast production of some 1,600 port modules as well as other infrastructure requiring some 750,000 cum of concrete and thereafter the plant can be repurposed for other products for local markets such as reef modules and wall panels. Geopolymer concrete can be the replacement for conventional concrete and be made from waste-derived materials thereby having a significantly lower carbon footprint. The plant is designed to be operated by renewable energy and an energy audit estimated that a 1Mtpa geopolymer production plant needs 100-200 GWh pa to operate. This could be served by a renewable energy power station with a mix of wind turbines and solar PV farm producing green hydrogen for energy storage and electric fuel cells. In the option of PV50%+wind50%+hydrogen-storage the total cost was estimated to be $20-30M USD. If electricity is assumed $100/MWh then this is worth $10-20M USD pa and the payback is 15 years approx.
Low Carbon Concrete for Solid Gravity Energy Storage System and a Sustainable Electricity Grid
Construction of Solid Gravity Energy Storage Systems with waste-derived, low-carbon geopolymer concrete solves a major waste management problem for the growing battery minerals industry and enables a sustainable electricity grid. In addition, the SGES system can be scalable for large scale storage systems enabling large scale recycling of waste-derived materials.
Sustainable Energy for Port Construction with Low Carbon Concrete from Industrial Symbiosis at WESTPORT Kwinana & BANTAENG Sulawesi
The contribution of this paper has been to outline a vision of how a Circular Economy could be achieved that enables a new style of Regenerative Development. The limitations have been access to accurate data for energy audit of plant and thus sizing are preliminary estimates only. In future, more data needs to be collected from the various industries so that detailed Homer modelling can be undertaken for sizing the renewable energy system options and payback.