Optical Performance Analysis and Thickness Optimization of a MAPbI₃-Based Two-Terminal Perovskite Tandem Solar Cell Using FDTD Simulation

The main contributions of this paper are: (i) A compact two terminal MAPbI3-based tandem optical model, (ii) incorporating wavelength dependent optical constants for ITO, MAPbI3, TiO2, Spiro-OMeTAD, Ag, and Al, (iii) analyzing the thickness dependent absorption, reflection, transmission, and photogeneration, and (iv) identifying a practical absorber thickness window near 0.5-0.6 µm for balanced tandem optical operation.