Heuristic Optimization-based Fuzzy Logic and Pitch Control of Grid-tied Wind Farms for Enhanced Wind Power Distribution

The increasing demand for renewable energy sources has driven significant advancements in solar photovoltaic (PV) technology. Stand-alone PV systems, which operate independently of the grid, are especially vital for remote areas where grid access is infeasible. This paper presents the design and implementation of a stand-alone solar PV system with battery backup, leveraging Simulink for real-time monitoring and control. The system, integrating a solar PV array and a battery storage unit connected to a constant voltage single-phase AC supply, was implemented and rigorously evaluated using MATLAB SIMULINK across seven distinct operating modes. A bidirectional DC-DC converter, functioning in buck mode for charging and boost mode for discharging, is controlled by a comprehensive Battery Management System (BMS) to optimize performance and extend battery life. Notably, the system maintained a stable DC bus voltage around 375V, with minor initial fluctuations quickly stabilized, ensuring efficient power management with an overall efficiency exceeding 90% under varying environmental conditions. The integration of multiple Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) techniques further enhanced system efficiency by up to 25% during fluctuating irradiance levels. The system’s real-time response, with mode transitions occurring in under 200 milliseconds, highlights its capability for continuous and stable power delivery. The PV monitoring Dashboard feature provides real-time parameter visualization and interactive control, allowing dynamic observation of mode transitions and demonstrates the system’s capability to maintain stable operation and efficient power management under varying conditions. This study demonstrates a robust solution for stand-alone renewable energy applications, ensuring efficient energy management and prolonged battery life.