Cost–Reliability Optimization of Marine-Integrated Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems for Kutubdia

The lack of grid connection and variability of renewable energy resources make it essential that remote island electrification is backed up by reliable and cost-effective energy solutions. In this paper, a multiobjective optimization framework for a marine-integrated hybrid renewable energy system (HRES) is presented for the complete external-grid interruption at Kutubdia, Bangladesh. A 2025 synchronized solar, wind, wave, tidal and literature-sourced load profile is input into an hourly simulation framework, which is then used to optimize four PV–wind–marine–BESS architectures. A mixed discrete–continuous multiobjective particle swarm optimization (MOPSO) is used to minimize an annualized referenced technology-cost metric and the loss of power supply probability (LPSP) and enforce cyclic annual state-of-charge closure. The chosen base trade-off solutions go from 9.979\% LPSP for S1 to 0.546\% LPSP for S4, 0.834 to 4.774~MUSD/yr cost metric and 544.46 to 29.77~MWh/yr EENS. Robustness tests including optional wave, and extending PV, wind and BESS-power limits, indicate optimal configurations are dependent on the architecture definition and design boundaries. The cost–reliability trade-off in the planning of HRES for an islanded application is evaluated systematically within the proposed framework without using objective aggregation with weighting factors.