Beyond Two Modalities: Power–Network–Host Fusion for Electric Vehicle Charging Station Attack Detection — A Controlled Ablation Study

The first documented modality-by-attack-class coverage table for CICEVSE2024, revealing that only three of five attack classes are visible across all sensors and that Backdoor detection is a power-exclusive, unbridgeable ceiling.

The first fusion evaluation combining all three modalities, anchored against the best single modality under multi-seed paired testing, showing no statistically significant improvement over the best individual sensor for either the three-class or four-class subtasks.

A rigorously null result accompanied by the identification and correction of two methodological hazards (network session leakage and host timestamp leak), plus an honest explainability audit that explicitly treats degenerate permutation importance under a performance ceiling.