Architecture of a Resilient Root-Level IoT Communication Infrastructure for Multi-Hazard Natural Disasters in Bangladesh

This research presents an affordable, resilient multi-hazard early warning system engineered for flood-prone, low-resource regions like Bangladesh. Running on an ATmega2560 microcontroller, the system integrates water clearance, liquid submersion, combustible gas, and ambient light sensors to activate local hazard alarms in under 15 ms. To prevent communication blackouts when physical broadband connections fail, it features an autonomous dual-gateway engine that switches from wired Ethernet to cellular GSM in just 3.42 seconds. Crucially, the platform bridges rural populations using basic 2G feature phones through an edge-level parser that extracts location codes and trapped headcounts from simple SMS tokens (e.g., UNSAFE#FENI01#08) with 99.4% accuracy, without needing smartphones or internet access. These aggregated reports feed an operations dashboard that automatically dispatches targeted SMS alerts to rescue teams, healthcare units, and local administrators. With a total hardware cost under $45.00 USD, this design offers an inclusive, dependable, and life-saving disaster telematics solution.