A Home Energy Management Framework for Bidirectional EV Charging and Solar-Battery Peak Shaving in Residential Microgrids

The large-scale penetration of EVs into the road transport market creates major challenges for the grid especially during peak demand periods in residential and EV dense areas. This paper introduces an integrated renewable energy-based EV charging station, which integrates the solar PV generation technology, the bidirectional Vehicle-to-Home (V2H) application, and the battery energy storage system to reduce the peak load of a residential community and decrease its dependence on the grid. The proposed system includes a 10-kW solar PV array, 8-kWh lithium-ion battery, 5-kW bidirectional inverter, maximum power point tracking controller and home energy management system. The performance of the system is analyzed by simulation for different loads over a full day. Parameters that are studied are PV voltage and current, battery SoC, and power flow between the grid, solar PV, and battery storage. The results from the simulation show that the proposed system provides an almost 60% renewable energy supply and an average 40% reduction in peak load using the system as compared to using the grid alone. V2H operation ensures stable backup power in case of fluctuations in the power grid and battery efficiency of more than 90%. Grid Level 2 charging charges 0% to 80% in 6.5 hours, solar charging under full sun takes 8 hours. The findings of this study validate that smart integration of renewable energy, energy storage, and bidirectional EV charging can create a more sustainable, resilient, and economical residential energy system that can be a part of decarbonization efforts for the world.