Impact of Seasonal Climate Variations on EV Battery Performance and Charging Efficiency in Dhaka, Bangladesh

Electric vehicles (EVs) are central to sustainable transportation; however, their battery lifespan and charging efficiency are significantly impacted by seasonal temperature and humidity variations. This study investigates how Dhaka’s distinct climate periods—winter, summer, monsoon, and post-monsoon—influence EV battery degradation and charging performance. Laboratory tests at 10 °C, 25 °C, and 40 °C quantify capacity fade and impedance growth over 1,000 cycles, while field-deployed battery packs record real-world temperature and humidity impacts each season. Charging behavior is evaluated using 7 kW AC Level 2- and 50-kW DC fast chargers, measuring charge time and efficiency under ambient conditions. Results show that sustained summer heat (≥ 35 °C) accelerates irreversible capacity loss by approximately 15% per 1,000 cycles, and monsoon humidity (≥ 85% RH) reduces charging efficiency by about 8%. Recommendations include adaptive liquid-cooled battery thermal management, ambient-aware charger derating, and humidity-resistant connector designs. These strategies aim to extend battery life, improve charging reliability, and support EV adoption in tropical, monsoon-prone environments.