Knowledge-Defined Networking-Enabled IoT Communication Framework for Resilient Smart Grid Protection

The paper proposes a KDN-enabled IoT framework for resilient smart grid protection, integrating AI/ML-based anomaly detection, predictive fault recovery, and adaptive routing within a three-plane architecture. Simulations and testbed results show notable gains over baseline SDN—25.2% lower latency, 4.5% higher PDR, 43.8% faster recovery, 7.7% better attack detection, and 15.6% lower energy use—demonstrating a scalable, secure, and efficient smart grid communication solution.