Development of a Piezoresistive E-Textile Sock for In Situ Dynamic Plantar Pressure Assessment

This study develops a low-cost, comfortable, and footwear-independent textile-based plantar pressure sensing sock using piezoresistive Velostat and conductive thread. Unlike conventional rigid insole-based systems, the proposed design integrates sensing elements directly into a wearable sock to monitor pressure at the heel and forefoot during natural walking. The system combines textile sensing, microcontroller-based data acquisition, digital signal filtering, and real-time feedback, providing a practical platform for dynamic plantar pressure monitoring and future objective orthotic assessment.