Noise-Aware Magnetic-Valve-Based Voltage Transformer Design for Reliable Voltage Measurement

Voltage transformers are essential components in power systems, as they are used to measure voltage for monitoring, control, and protection. However, traditional electromagnetic voltage transformers often suffer from core saturation, especially under high voltage or fault conditions, which leads to inaccurate measurements and limits their operating range. Magnetic-valve-based voltage transformers (MVPTs) offer an improved solution by introducing a controlled flux leakage mechanism using a non-uniform core structure.

In this study, a detailed magnetostatic analysis of a magnetic-valve-based voltage transformer is presented, focusing on how magnetic flux is redistributed in the presence of a partial air gap during saturation. The working principle is explained using fundamental electromagnetic concepts, and analytical expressions are used to describe the behavior of leakage flux with respect to valve geometry.

In addition to saturation effects, practical challenges such as sensor noise and environmental variations, including temperature changes and electromagnetic interference, are also considered. These factors can affect the accuracy of the measurement and the effectiveness of the compensation process. To address this, a noise-aware compensation model is introduced to improve system reliability.

Furthermore, key design parameters such as air-gap length and valve height ratio are analyzed to enhance the linear measurement range and reduce voltage error. The results show that the proposed approach not only improves measurement accuracy but also provides stable performance under non-ideal operating conditions. Overall, this work offers practical design insights for developing robust and reliable voltage transformers for modern power systems.