Coordinated Vehicle-to-Grid Control for Smart Microgrids: A Real-Time SOC-Aware Strategy for Frequency Regulation and Grid Stability

There is an absence of a thorough, well-coordinated control plan for microgrid integration of Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) technology. Electric vehicles (EVs) with V2G capabilities have the potential to stabilize the grid, but their practical application is constrained by the inadequacies of present models in handling their real-time interactions. This creates a significant knowledge gap regarding how Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) technology can enhance the overall performance, stability, and dependability of microgrids. Designing and analyzing a system that can efficiently control EVs is imperative to handle issues like load balancing, frequency regulation, and state-of-charge management. In order to address the challenge of integrating Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) technologies, this study proposes a Simulink-based microgrid model. When the AC grid frequency drops to 0.998 p.u. at 10s and 30s, the battery lowers its charging current from roughly 2000 A to 1500 A and its DC-link voltage from over 540 V to 535 V to reduce the grid’s demand, demonstrating the G2V system’s capacity to operate as a responsive load. However, the V2G system functions as a power source, increasing its active power output from 0.5 MW to 1 MW to offset the same frequency dips. In order to balance loads and stabilize the grid, an innovative control approach regulates EV charging according to the EVs’ current state of charge. According to the study’s simulations, this V2G-enabled system works noticeably better than conventional setups, demonstrating the technology’s viability and advantages for smart microgrids.