Techno-Economic Optimization of a Battery Energy Storage System for a Tropical Floating Photovoltaic Plant

The collective research contribution centers on the technical, economic, and operational advancement of renewable energy systems, with a particular focus on floating solar and energy storage integration. The works evaluate the techno-economic viability and carbon emission reductions of large-scale floating photovoltaic (FPV) systems, establishing their potential for regional energy roadmaps like Malaysia’s. This is complemented by broader assessments of the technical capacity of FPV systems on man-made water bodies across the United States, alongside comprehensive literature reviews detailing the overall evolution of floating solar technology.

Furthermore, the research bridges primary power generation with grid stability and modernization by examining fundamental wind and solar system operations, comparative battery storage options (such as lead-acid vs. lithium-ion) for electric mobility, and optimal sizing strategies for battery energy storage systems (BESS) to manage peak shaving under specific utility tariffs. Finally, the contribution extends into performance optimization, utilizing comparative studies on cutting-edge bifacial FPV arrays and implementing advanced machine learning techniques, such as teaching-learning-based optimization for extreme learning machines, to dramatically improve power forecasting accuracy in floating solar environments.