Results of a research on the operation of CoAP, MQTT and 6LoWPAN algorithms in Internet of Things telecommunication networks

Abstract. The article presents the results of a research of the CoAP, MQTT and 6LoWPAN protocols used in Internet of Things (IoT) telecommunications networks. A comparative analysis of the protocols’ performance in transmitting data under resource-constrained conditions typical of IoT environments, such as low bandwidth, high latency, and limited power consumption, is conducted. The research examines the key characteristics and features of each protocol: CoAP implements a lightweight application-layer protocol for exchanging data between devices with limited computing resources; MQTT is focused on transmitting messages in a publish/subscribe mode, ensuring high reliability and scalability of systems, 6LoWPAN provides efficient adaptation of IPv6 to low-data-rate networks. Experimental analysis showed that CoAP exhibits the lowest packet transmission latency for small data volumes, while MQTT performs better with a large number of nodes and high loads. 6LoWPAN, in turn, optimizes the network layer and reduces node power consumption. The obtained results allow us to conclude that the combined use of these protocols is feasible depending on the requirements of specific IoT scenarios—from environmental monitoring to smart home systems and the Industrial Internet of Things.